Niseko Food Culture
Traditional dishes, dining customs, and culinary experiences
Culinary Culture
Niseko's food culture is defined by premium Hokkaido ingredients—exceptional dairy, seafood, and produce—served in settings ranging from traditional Japanese izakayas to internationally-influenced modern restaurants. The resort town's unique position as both a farming community and international destination creates a dining scene where local authenticity and global sophistication coexist, with an emphasis on seasonal eating and the highest quality regional ingredients.
Traditional Dishes
Must-try local specialties that define Niseko's culinary heritage
Jingisukan (ジンギスカン - Genghis Khan)
Hokkaido's signature dish of grilled lamb and mutton cooked on a distinctive dome-shaped cast iron grill, served with vegetables like cabbage, bean sprouts, and pumpkin. The meat is either marinated beforehand or dipped in a sweet-savory sauce after grilling, creating a smoky, umami-rich experience that's perfect after a day on the slopes.
Named after Genghis Khan, this dish became popular in Hokkaido in the 1950s when sheep farming was promoted. It's now synonymous with Hokkaido dining culture and is especially beloved in winter resort areas like Niseko.
Kaisendon (海鮮丼 - Seafood Rice Bowl)
A generous bowl of warm rice topped with an assortment of incredibly fresh Hokkaido seafood including uni (sea urchin), ikura (salmon roe), crab, scallops, and various sashimi. The quality of Hokkaido seafood—particularly from nearby ports like Otaru—makes this dish exceptional in Niseko.
While seafood rice bowls are found throughout Japan, Hokkaido's version is legendary due to the region's access to some of the world's richest fishing grounds, particularly for uni and crab.
Soup Curry (スープカレー)
A Hokkaido invention featuring a fragrant, broth-based curry with large chunks of vegetables (especially local potatoes and pumpkin), served with rice and choice of protein. Unlike thick Japanese curry, soup curry is lighter with complex spice layers and showcases the sweetness of Hokkaido vegetables.
Created in Sapporo in the 1970s, soup curry has become Hokkaido's signature comfort food and is particularly popular in Niseko as a warming meal after skiing.
Hokkaido Ramen (北海道ラーメン)
Rich, miso-based ramen with a buttery finish, topped with sweet corn, bamboo shoots, bean sprouts, and chashu pork. The Hokkaido style is heartier and richer than other regional ramens, designed to combat the harsh winter climate.
Sapporo miso ramen, developed in the 1960s, became the template for Hokkaido-style ramen. The addition of butter and corn reflects Hokkaido's dairy and agricultural strengths.
Jagabata (じゃがバター - Potato with Butter)
Simple yet sublime: a whole Hokkaido potato steamed or baked until fluffy, split open and topped with a generous pat of local Hokkaido butter and salt. The potato's natural sweetness and creamy texture paired with rich butter exemplifies Hokkaido's ingredient quality.
This humble snack showcases Hokkaido's famous potatoes, which benefit from the region's volcanic soil and cool climate. It's a traditional festival and market food that's become emblematic of Hokkaido simplicity.
Ishikari Nabe (石狩鍋)
A hearty salmon and vegetable hot pot cooked in a miso-based broth with butter, featuring chunks of fresh salmon, tofu, cabbage, daikon, and other vegetables. Named after the Ishikari River, this warming dish is perfect for Niseko's cold winters.
Originating from the Ishikari region north of Sapporo, this nabe (hot pot) was created by fishermen using abundant local salmon and has been a Hokkaido winter staple for over a century.
Hokkaido Milk Soft Serve (北海道ソフトクリーム)
Exceptionally creamy soft-serve ice cream made with Hokkaido's famous milk, known for its rich, pure flavor and smooth texture. Often available in unique local flavors like lavender, melon, or yubari melon.
Hokkaido's dairy industry, established during the Meiji era, produces milk with higher fat content due to the cool climate and quality pastures. The region's soft serve has become legendary throughout Japan.
Zangi (ザンギ - Hokkaido Fried Chicken)
Hokkaido's version of karaage (fried chicken), marinated in soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and sake, then coated in potato starch and deep-fried until crispy. Zangi tends to be more heavily seasoned and juicier than regular karaage, often served as an izakaya staple.
Developed in Kushiro, Hokkaido in the 1960s, zangi has become the region's answer to fried chicken, with each establishment having their own secret marinade recipe.
Hokkaido Crab (北海道のカニ)
Various preparations of Hokkaido's prized crabs including king crab (tarabagani), snow crab (zuwaigani), and hairy crab (kegani). Served steamed, grilled, as sashimi, or in hot pots, showcasing the sweet, delicate meat.
Hokkaido's cold waters produce some of the world's finest crabs, particularly from the Sea of Okhotsk. Crab fishing has been central to the region's economy and cuisine for centuries.
Niseko Pork Dishes (ニセコ豚料理)
Locally raised Niseko pork prepared in various styles including tonkatsu (breaded cutlet), shabu-shabu (hot pot), or grilled preparations. The pork is known for its tenderness and sweet flavor, reflecting the quality of local farming.
Niseko and surrounding areas have developed a reputation for high-quality pork farming, with several local farms raising heritage breeds in the clean mountain environment.
Yubari Melon Desserts (夕張メロンデザート)
Desserts featuring the legendary Yubari King melon, one of the world's most expensive fruits, known for its perfect sweetness and aroma. Available fresh in summer or in various forms like parfaits, soft serve, and pastries year-round.
Yubari melons, grown in nearby Yubari city since 1961, are a hybrid variety that has become synonymous with luxury fruit in Japan, sometimes selling for thousands of dollars at auction.
Hokkaido Cheese Fondue (北海道チーズフォンデュ)
Rich cheese fondue made with locally produced Hokkaido cheeses, served with fresh local vegetables, bread, and sometimes seafood or meat. The quality of Hokkaido dairy elevates this European dish to new heights.
While fondue is Swiss in origin, Hokkaido's dairy industry has made it a regional specialty, with local cheese makers producing excellent varieties perfect for fondue.
Taste Niseko's Best Flavors
A food tour is the fastest way to find good spots. Sample traditional dishes and learn from guides who know the neighborhood.
Browse Food ToursDining Etiquette
Dining in Niseko follows Japanese customs with some relaxation due to the international resort atmosphere. While locals appreciate visitors who understand traditional etiquette, the cosmopolitan nature of the area means establishments are generally forgiving of cultural differences. However, showing respect for basic Japanese dining customs will enhance your experience and is always appreciated.
Chopstick Etiquette
Proper chopstick use is important in Japanese dining culture. Never stick chopsticks upright in rice (this resembles funeral rituals), don't pass food chopstick-to-chopstick, and rest them on the chopstick holder when not in use. Most restaurants in Niseko will provide forks if you're uncomfortable with chopsticks, but attempting to use them is appreciated.
Do
- Place chopsticks on the hashioki (chopstick rest) when not using them
- Use the opposite end of your chopsticks when taking food from shared dishes
- Ask for a fork if you're genuinely struggling—it's better than making a mess
Don't
- Never stick chopsticks vertically into rice
- Don't wave chopsticks around or point with them
- Avoid rubbing disposable chopsticks together (implies they're cheap)
Saying Thanks
Japanese dining includes ritual phrases that show appreciation. Say 'itadakimasu' (ee-tah-dah-kee-mahs) before eating and 'gochisousama deshita' (go-chee-so-sama desh-ta) after finishing. These phrases show gratitude for the meal and are deeply ingrained in Japanese culture, even in casual settings.
Do
- Say 'itadakimasu' with a slight bow before eating
- Thank the chef or staff when leaving with 'gochisousama deshita'
- Make an effort to pronounce these phrases—the gesture is appreciated even if imperfect
Don't
- Don't start eating before everyone at your table is served (unless encouraged)
- Don't leave without acknowledging the meal in some way
Reservations
Reservations are essential in Niseko, especially during peak winter season (December-February) when the town is packed with international visitors. Many popular restaurants book out days or even weeks in advance. The international nature of Niseko means most establishments accept online reservations and communicate in English.
Do
- Book popular restaurants at least 3-7 days ahead during peak season
- Call to cancel if your plans change—no-shows are particularly frowned upon
- Arrive on time; Japanese culture values punctuality highly
Don't
- Don't assume you can walk into popular restaurants without reservations
- Avoid being more than 10 minutes late without calling
- Don't make multiple reservations for the same time slot
Noise Levels and Behavior
Traditional Japanese restaurants value a quieter, more subdued atmosphere, though Niseko's international izakayas and bars can be quite lively. Read the room—upscale kaiseki restaurants expect hushed conversation, while après-ski bars embrace boisterous energy. Phone calls at the table are generally considered rude across all settings.
Do
- Keep conversations at a moderate volume in traditional restaurants
- Silence your phone or keep it on vibrate
- Match the energy of the establishment
Don't
- Don't take phone calls at the table—step outside if necessary
- Avoid loud, disruptive behavior in traditional Japanese establishments
- Don't play music or videos without headphones
Shoes and Seating
Many traditional Japanese restaurants in Niseko require removing shoes before entering tatami mat areas or private rooms. You'll typically see a genkan (entrance step) where shoes are removed and slippers provided. Some establishments have floor seating which may be challenging for those with limited flexibility—it's acceptable to ask for table seating.
Do
- Remove shoes when you see a genkan entrance or shoe storage
- Wear clean, hole-free socks (this matters in Japan!)
- Ask for table seating if you have difficulty sitting on the floor
Don't
- Don't wear outdoor shoes onto tatami mats
- Avoid stepping on the threshold when entering/exiting
- Don't wear bathroom slippers back to the dining area
Breakfast
Breakfast is typically served 7:00-9:00 AM, with most hotels offering both Japanese (grilled fish, rice, miso soup, natto) and Western options. Many skiers opt for early breakfast to hit the slopes by first lift at 8:30 AM. Convenience stores offer excellent grab-and-go breakfast options including onigiri and sandwiches.
Lunch
Lunch runs 11:30 AM-2:00 PM and is the main meal for many locals. Ski resort restaurants get crowded between 12:00-1:00 PM. This is often the most affordable time to try higher-end restaurants that offer lunch sets (teishoku) at significantly lower prices than dinner. Many ramen and casual restaurants stay open continuously through afternoon.
Dinner
Dinner typically begins around 6:00-6:30 PM, earlier than in many Western countries. Reservations for popular restaurants should be for 6:00, 6:30, or 8:00 PM slots. Last orders at restaurants are often around 9:00-9:30 PM, with kitchens closing earlier than in major cities. Izakayas stay open later, until 11:00 PM or midnight, catering to the après-ski crowd.
Tipping Guide
Restaurants: No tipping expected or accepted. Service charges are included in the bill. Attempting to tip may cause confusion or embarrassment. Excellent service is considered standard professional behavior.
Cafes: No tipping. Pay the exact amount shown on the bill. Some cafes have tip jars near registers, but these are rare and typically in very international-focused establishments.
Bars: No tipping expected, even in international-style bars. If you receive exceptional service over multiple visits, a small gift (omiyage) is more culturally appropriate than cash tips.
The no-tipping culture is deeply ingrained in Japan. Service staff take pride in their work and find tipping insulting as it implies they need extra incentive to do their job well. Prices already reflect the cost of good service. Some high-end restaurants may add a 10% service charge to the bill, which is clearly indicated on the menu.
Street Food
Niseko doesn't have a traditional street food scene in the way you'd find in Tokyo or Osaka, primarily due to its small population and mountain resort nature. However, the area compensates with excellent convenience store options, winter festival food stalls, and casual takeaway spots that serve similar functions. During peak winter season, temporary food stalls appear near ski areas and at events like the Niseko Fire Festival, offering warming snacks perfect for cold weather. The Japanese convenience stores (konbini) in Niseko—particularly Lawson and Seicomart—function as de facto street food sources, offering high-quality prepared foods that rival restaurant meals. The best 'street food' experience comes during winter festivals and events, where you'll find yatai (food stalls) serving classic festival foods alongside Hokkaido specialties. Summer brings roadside vegetable stands and the occasional food truck, while the Kutchan Jaga Festival (potato festival) in August offers the area's closest approximation to a true street food gathering. For quick, affordable eating, locals rely heavily on convenience stores and small takeaway shops rather than street vendors.
Convenience Store Onigiri
Rice balls with various fillings (salmon, tuna mayo, pickled plum) wrapped in nori seaweed. Japanese konbini onigiri are remarkably fresh and delicious, using Hokkaido rice and quality ingredients. The clever packaging keeps the nori crisp until you're ready to eat.
Lawson, Seicomart, and 7-Eleven locations throughout Niseko, available 24/7
¥120-180 per onigiriYakiimo (Roasted Sweet Potato)
Sweet potatoes slow-roasted until the sugars caramelize, creating an intensely sweet, creamy treat. Hokkaido sweet potatoes are particularly prized for their golden color and honey-like sweetness.
Winter festival stalls, occasional roaming yakiimo trucks, and some convenience stores during winter
¥300-500Nikuman (Steamed Pork Buns)
Fluffy steamed buns filled with savory pork and vegetables, kept warm in convenience store steamers. Perfect for warming up between ski runs or as a quick snack.
All convenience stores, particularly good at Lawson and Seicomart, available from heated cases
¥150-200Takoyaki (Octopus Balls)
Ball-shaped snacks made from wheat flour batter filled with diced octopus, tempura scraps, pickled ginger, and green onion, topped with takoyaki sauce, mayo, bonito flakes, and seaweed powder.
Winter festival food stalls, occasional food trucks in Hirafu village during peak season
¥500-600 for 6-8 piecesKaraage (Fried Chicken)
Japanese-style fried chicken marinated in soy sauce, sake, and ginger, then fried until crispy. Convenience store karaage is surprisingly excellent and makes for a perfect beer snack.
All convenience stores in heated food sections, some small takeaway shops in Kutchan
¥200-300 for a portionCorn on the Cob with Butter
Hokkaido corn grilled and slathered with local butter and soy sauce, showcasing the region's famous sweet corn varieties. Simple but incredibly flavorful.
Summer roadside stands, Kutchan Jaga Festival, and occasional winter festival stalls
¥300-400Best Areas for Street Food
Hirafu Village Center
Known for: Concentration of takeaway food options, convenience stores, and occasional food trucks during peak winter season. Late-night snack options after bars close.
Best time: Evening during ski season (December-March) when après-ski crowds create demand for quick food
Kutchan Town
Known for: Local convenience stores with better prices than resort areas, small takeaway shops serving locals, and the venue for summer food festivals including the famous Jaga Festival.
Best time: Daytime for convenience store runs; August for the Jaga Festival featuring potato-centric street food
Niseko Train Station Area
Known for: Seicomart convenience store (a Hokkaido chain with excellent prepared foods) and small local shops serving commuters and locals.
Best time: Morning for fresh breakfast items, lunch hours for bento boxes
Dining by Budget
Dining costs in Niseko vary dramatically between peak winter season (December-February) and off-season, and between the international resort areas like Hirafu and local towns like Kutchan. Peak season prices can be 20-30% higher than off-season, and resort area restaurants charge premium prices. However, excellent budget options exist year-round if you know where to look, and the quality-to-price ratio remains good even in higher-end establishments due to the exceptional quality of Hokkaido ingredients.
Budget-Friendly
Typical meal: ¥500-1,200 per meal
- Shop at supermarkets in Kutchan rather than convenience stores in Hirafu for 30-40% savings
- Visit restaurants for lunch when set meals (teishoku) are significantly cheaper than dinner
- Buy discounted bento boxes after 8 PM at supermarkets (typically 30-50% off)
- Seicomart convenience stores offer better prices and larger portions than other chains
- Free water and tea are standard at restaurants - no need to order drinks
- Many accommodations have kitchens - cooking even one meal per day saves significantly
Mid-Range
Typical meal: ¥1,500-3,000 per meal
Splurge
Dietary Considerations
Niseko's international resort atmosphere makes it more accommodating to dietary restrictions than typical rural Japanese areas, though it still lags behind major cities. The influx of Australian, European, and North American visitors has pushed many restaurants to offer vegetarian options and understand common allergies. However, traditional Japanese establishments may have limited flexibility, and communication can be challenging despite the area's international reputation.
Vegetarian & Vegan
Moderate to good. Niseko has several vegetarian-friendly restaurants, particularly in Hirafu village where international influence is strongest. However, traditional Japanese cuisine often uses dashi (fish-based stock) even in vegetable dishes, making truly vegan options challenging. The area has a few dedicated vegetarian/vegan restaurants and many others offer vegetable-based options.
Local options: Vegetable soup curry (specify no meat/fish stock), Jagabata (potato with butter) - vegetarian but not vegan, Vegetable tempura, Edamame (steamed soybeans), Tofu dishes (confirm no fish-based dashi), Hokkaido corn dishes during summer, Fresh vegetable dishes from local farms, Vegetable ramen (specify vegetable broth only)
- Learn key phrases: 'Watashi wa bejitarian desu' (I am vegetarian) and 'Niku to sakana wa taberaremasen' (I cannot eat meat or fish)
- Download the Google Translate app for showing dietary restrictions in Japanese
- Specify 'no dashi' (no fish stock) as it's hidden in many dishes including miso soup
- Western-style restaurants and cafes in Hirafu are generally more accommodating
- Convenience stores offer vegetable-based onigiri and salads
- Self-catering is easier - supermarkets have excellent produce and vegetarian-friendly ingredients
- Book accommodations with kitchens to ensure you have reliable meal options
Food Allergies
Common allergens: Soy (ubiquitous in Japanese cuisine - soy sauce, tofu, edamame), Fish and shellfish (in dashi stock, even in seemingly vegetarian dishes), Wheat (in soy sauce, noodles, tempura batter), Eggs (in many dishes, sauces, and batters), Dairy (less common in traditional Japanese food, but prevalent in Hokkaido specialties), Sesame (common garnish and in sauces)
Carry an allergy card in Japanese listing your specific allergies. Many hotels can help prepare these cards. The Japanese Allergy Card app is useful. Staff in international restaurants in Hirafu generally speak English, but traditional establishments may not. Show your allergy card to servers and ask them to confirm with the kitchen. Be aware that cross-contamination awareness varies.
Useful phrase: Watashi wa [allergen] arerugii ga arimasu (私は[アレルゲン]アレルギーがあります) - I have a [allergen] allergy. For example: 'Watashi wa tamago arerugii ga arimasu' (I have an egg allergy)
Halal & Kosher
Very limited. Niseko has no certified halal or kosher restaurants. Some Muslim visitors choose seafood-focused restaurants and avoid meat, or opt for vegetarian options. The international hotels may be able to accommodate with advance notice, but options are extremely limited.
Self-catering is the most reliable option. Some ingredients at supermarkets may be suitable. Contact your accommodation in advance to discuss options. Sapporo (90 minutes away) has a few halal restaurants if you're willing to make the trip. Some visitors bring shelf-stable halal/kosher foods from home to supplement local vegetarian options.
Gluten-Free
Challenging but possible with planning. Traditional Japanese cuisine relies heavily on soy sauce (contains wheat) and wheat-based noodles. However, rice-based dishes are naturally gluten-free, and awareness is slowly improving in international restaurants.
Naturally gluten-free: Plain rice (gohan), Sashimi (without soy sauce, or bring gluten-free tamari), Grilled fish (shioyaki) - salt-grilled without sauce, Onigiri with simple fillings like salt-grilled salmon (confirm no soy sauce), Yakiimo (roasted sweet potato), Steamed vegetables, Fresh Hokkaido seafood without sauce, Some hot pots if you confirm gluten-free broth
Food Markets
Experience local food culture at markets and food halls
Kutchan Farmers Market (道の駅ニセコビュープラザ)
This michi-no-eki (roadside station) features local farmers selling fresh Niseko vegetables, particularly famous for potatoes, corn, asparagus, and tomatoes. The attached shop sells local products including dairy, preserves, and prepared foods. This is the best place to see and buy the ingredients that make Niseko cuisine special.
Best for: Fresh seasonal vegetables, Hokkaido dairy products, local honey, preserves, and affordable prepared foods. Summer corn and potatoes are exceptional. Great for self-catering or bringing ingredients back to your accommodation.
Daily 9:00 AM-6:00 PM (8:30 AM-6:00 PM in summer), busiest on weekends. Best selection in morning. Peak season is July-September for vegetables.
Niseko Takahashi Dairy Farm Shop
Working dairy farm with a shop selling their own milk, yogurt, cheese, and ice cream. You can see cows grazing with Mt. Yotei views while enjoying incredibly fresh dairy products. The soft serve ice cream is legendary among locals.
Best for: Fresh milk, artisan cheese, yogurt, and some of the best soft-serve ice cream in Hokkaido. Also sells dairy-based desserts and light meals in the cafe.
Daily 9:30 AM-6:00 PM (hours vary seasonally, may close in winter). Visit in afternoon for best weather and mountain views.
MaxValu Supermarket (Kutchan)
The main full-service supermarket serving Niseko area, located in Kutchan town. Offers the widest selection of groceries, fresh fish, meat, produce, and prepared foods at local prices (much cheaper than convenience stores in resort areas).
Best for: Self-catering supplies, fresh seafood, local produce, prepared bento boxes, and Japanese pantry items. The prepared food section after 8 PM offers significant discounts.
Daily 9:00 AM-10:00 PM. Visit after 8 PM for discounted prepared foods (30-50% off). Fresh fish selection best in morning.
Niseko Cheese Factory (ニセコチーズ工房)
Small artisan cheese maker producing European-style cheeses using Niseko milk. The shop offers tastings and sells their handcrafted cheeses along with other local products. Demonstrates Hokkaido's dairy excellence.
Best for: Artisan cheeses (camembert, gouda, ricotta), cheese-based desserts, and local dairy products. Good for gifts or picnic supplies.
Daily 9:00 AM-5:30 PM (closed Wednesdays). Best to visit when you can transport cheese properly (not after a day of skiing).
Kutchan Jaga Festival (August)
Annual potato festival celebrating Kutchan's famous potato harvest. Features food stalls serving every potato dish imaginable, live music, and local products. This is Niseko's biggest food event of the year.
Best for: Experiencing local food culture, trying multiple potato preparations, meeting locals, and enjoying festival atmosphere. Various jagabata, potato croquettes, and creative potato dishes.
One weekend in early-mid August (dates vary yearly). Saturday-Sunday, approximately 10:00 AM-4:00 PM. Check local tourism sites for exact dates.
Seicomart (Multiple locations)
Hokkaido-based convenience store chain known for better prices and larger portions than national chains. The prepared food section is excellent, with many items made in-house. Popular with locals and budget-conscious visitors.
Best for: Affordable prepared meals, onigiri, sandwiches, fried chicken, and hot snacks. Better value than Lawson or 7-Eleven while maintaining quality.
24 hours daily at most locations. Fresh prepared food restocked throughout the day, best selection at meal times.
Seasonal Eating
Niseko's food culture is dramatically shaped by Hokkaido's four distinct seasons, with winter and summer offering completely different culinary experiences. The harsh winter (November-April) brings hearty, warming dishes designed to combat sub-zero temperatures, while the brief but glorious summer (June-August) showcases the region's agricultural bounty. Spring and autumn are short but sweet, with unique seasonal ingredients appearing briefly. The Japanese concept of shun (旬)—eating foods at their peak season—is taken seriously here, with menus changing substantially throughout the year.
Winter (December-March)
- Peak ski season brings international dining scene to life with restaurants fully staffed and special menus
- Hearty hot pot dishes (nabe) featuring local ingredients to warm up after skiing
- Fresh crab season (December-March) with king crab, snow crab, and hairy crab at their best
- Root vegetables and preserved foods take center stage
- Après-ski culture with izakayas and bars bustling every evening
- Winter festivals featuring food stalls with seasonal treats
Spring (April-May)
- Ski season winds down but some slopes remain open through Golden Week (early May)
- Mountain vegetables (sansai) begin appearing - bamboo shoots, fiddlehead ferns, wild plants
- Restaurants transition menus from winter heartiness to lighter preparations
- Hokkaido uni (sea urchin) season begins in late spring
- Asparagus from local farms appears in markets - Hokkaido asparagus is exceptional
- Many restaurants close or reduce hours between ski season and summer
Summer (June-August)
- Peak agricultural season with incredible local produce flooding markets
- Famous Hokkaido corn (とうきび) - incredibly sweet and juicy
- Tomatoes, potatoes, and melons at their absolute best
- Outdoor dining and farm restaurant experiences
- Kutchan Jaga Festival in August celebrating potato harvest
- Cooler temperatures than rest of Japan make dining pleasant
- Many resort restaurants closed or on limited schedules
Autumn (September-November)
- Mushroom season - matsutake and other wild mushrooms appear
- Salmon run brings incredibly fresh salmon to restaurants
- Autumn leaves attract visitors, restaurants begin reopening for winter
- Harvest season for root vegetables and squash
- New rice harvest - shin-mai (new rice) is prized
- Cooler weather brings return of hot pot dishes
- Many restaurants in transition, preparing for winter season